Population:
45,047,502 country comparison to the world: 29 note:includes the population of South Sudan (8,260,490); demographic data includes South Sudan (July 2011 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 42.1% (male 9,696,726/female 9,286,894) 15-64 years: 55.2% (male 12,282,082/female 12,571,424) 65 years and over: 2.7% (male 613,817/female 596,559) (2011 est.)
Median age:
total: 18.5 years male: 18.1 years female: 18.9 years (2011 est.)
Population growth rate:
2.484% (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 27
Birth rate:
36.12 births/1,000 population (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 25
Death rate:
11 deaths/1,000 population (July 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 38
Net migration rate:
-0.29 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 127
Urbanization:
urban population: 40% of total population (2010) rate of urbanization: 3.7% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Major cities - population:
KHARTOUM (capital) 5.021 million (2009)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.05 male(s)/female total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2011 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
total: 68.07 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 21 male: 68.77 deaths/1,000 live births female: 67.34 deaths/1,000 live births (2011 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 55.42 years country comparison to the world: 197 male: 54.18 years female: 56.71 years (2011 est.)
Total fertility rate:
4.84 children born/woman (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 24
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
1.1% (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 45
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
260,000 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 22
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
12,000 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 23
Major infectious diseases:
degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) water contact disease: schistosomiasis respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis animal contact disease: rabies note:highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)
Drinking water source:
improved: urban: 64% of population rural: 52% of population total: 57% of population unimproved: urban: 36% of population rural: 48% of population total: 43% of population (2008)
Sanitation facility access:
improved: urban: 55% of population rural: 18% of population total: 34% of population unimproved: urban: 45% of population rural: 82% of population total: 66% of population (2008)
Nationality:
noun: Sudanese (singular and plural) adjective: Sudanese
Ethnic groups:
Sudanese Arab (approximately 70%), Fur, Beja, Nuba, Fallata
Religions:
Sunni Muslim, small Christian minority
Languages:
Arabic (official), English (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, Fur note:program of "Arabization" in process
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 61.1% male: 71.8% female: 50.5% (2003 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
total: 4 years (2000)
Education expenditures:
NA